Twenty-five years after the implementation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) officially replaced NAFTA on July 1, 2020. The USMCA introduces stricter regulations for the automotive, steel, aluminum, and chemical sectors, seeking to promote the return of production to North America. In her lecture, Dr. Kontbay Busun presents a meta-analysis of research papers exploring the key differences between NAFTA and USMCA and the regional challenges posed by the new agreement. Using selected international trade indicators, she examines the economic and policy implications of USMCA for North American trade dynamics and considers the resurgence of trade tensions during Trump’s second term.